Calvin Coolidge essays

Calvin Coolidge papers Calvin Coolidge was the 30th leader of the United States during the 1920s. He served in the white house for a long time. He had no genuine sensational achievements during his time as president. In any case, he lowered assessments and obligation in the US and kept the economy solid, developing, and stable. In 1920 when he was VP and Warren G. Harding was president, Coolidge got word on Aug. 2, 1923 at 2:47 a.m. that president Harding had kicked the bucket. He left minutes after the fact to take up his obligations as president. He was not all around regarded by Congress or his bureau until he began indicting embarrassments that worked in the white house for the Harding Admin. Be that as it may, on account of his honesty and restraint, he recovered open trust in the white house. In 1924 he was chosen for as president, beating his rivals John W. Davis (Democrat), and Robert M. La Follette (Progressive). Coolidge was presently all around regarded and got appropriate credit for the financial upswing. However, 1924 was a tragic year for Coolidge on the grounds that in July his more youthful child, Calvin Jr., passed on of blood harming. During his second tern he was genuinely fruitful at getting what he needed. His fundamental accomplishments were paying off the national obligation and decreasing annual assessments for more customer spending, which satisfied organizations and individuals. A portion of his different measures were development and extension of common and military flying, development of the administrations of the branches of Agriculture and Commerce, guideline of radio telecom, improvement of conduit, flood control, and consolation of agreeable answers for ranch issues. A large portion of his time was consumed by attempting to accomplish world harmony. Yet, his excursion was ineffective and temperamental. As an administrator., Coolidge was best. He requested and got effective and affordable execution in government activities. Coolidge declined to run for re-appointment. He resigned in 1929 to Northampton, where he occupie ... <!

Concept of Managing Teams at the Workplace

In this article we will talk about the â€Å"Birth of Venus,† a notable work of art by the craftsman Alessandro di Filipepi Botticelli; finished in 1857. The motivation behind why I picked this composition is, in view of the way that I needed to give you a touch of data on this artwork. A portion of the models I picked are; the place did it originated from, who initially needed the work of art, and why it became? I picked these models since I have consistently pondered about these things myself, and ideally I will have the option to answer them for you as well. Anyway you may now ask why I am in any event, discussing this piece or what my aim behind this article is, you shouldn’t. The explanation I am composing, is on the grounds that I have consistently been entranced by this piece and the quieting impact it has on me. I recall at whatever point I saw it for the primary I thought of the figure Pomona as a nurturing figure and needed to be delightful like Venus, yet tha t couldn’t be. Rather, I started to do explore, since I needed to get familiar with more about the piece myself. My fundamental objective here is to attempt to and cause you to see a portion of the things that I’ve previously found out about the piece. So let’s begin and I’ll disclose to you a few instances of the things I’ve learned while contemplating this piece. One that the piece was not initially discharged to general society, two it was not the most unique piece out there, and three the piece was initially a dispatched work. Presently, you may be pondering who authorized the piece, the response to that question is that the painting was dispatched by Lorenzo di Pier Frencesco Di Medici. He appointed the work of art, since he needed it for private use in his manor and not for open area. The second thing you may ponder now is the reason the piece was not unique; the explanation... ...re that in the event that you simply type in the Birth of Venus you will locate a couple of pictures that ridicule or utilize the picture once more; however the entirety of the impersonations consistently keep a similar subject so I would lean toward not to talk about it anymore.â ¬ While composing this paper I delighted in disclosing to you somewhat about the things that I’ve found out about this piece and expectation that you have appreciated them as well. I believe that you should feel somewhat better about knowing the way that the piece is protected today and will keep on being, alongside simply knowing a couple of more things about this piece. Works Cited â€Å"Botticelli’s Birth of Venus†. Italianrenaissance.org. Italian Renaissance.org 2013 web. 12-6-2013 â€Å"Sandro Botticelli Biography†. Artble.com Artble 2013 web. 12-6-2013 â€Å"The Birth of Venus By Sandro Botticelli†. Uffizi.org 2013 web. 12-6-2013 Nicolas Pioch, â€Å"Botticelli, Sandro†. ibiblio.org. Jun 19, 2006 web. 12-7-13

This January I Switched to Apple. What are You Tolerating in Your Life

This January I Switched to Apple. What are You Tolerating in Your Life I’d say it was a long time coming, given that I’ve had nothing but problems with my Dell PCs for the last … oh … 20 years? For the most recent 3 or so of those 20, several of my friends and colleagues have been begging and pleading with me to convert to Apple. Did I listen? No. Changing just seemed like way too much work. Then, in January, I hit a limit. My 1-year-old Windows 8 computer, whose operating system I had just reinstalled, was not working any better than it was before I reinstalled it. My programs were constantly going to “Not Responding.” Tech support could not fix the problem and was telling me I needed a more powerful computer with more RAM. Sales was telling me the 8 GB of RAM on my current computer should be plenty. I figured either sales was wrong or tech support was wrong, and Dell should either fix the problem or give me some amount of credit toward a new computer. They claimed to be unable to do either. It was decision time, and I was DONE with Dell. Perhaps you are celebrating, along with many of my friends, colleagues and even distant acquaintances, that I waltzed into an Apple store and bought a MacBook Pro. In the end, this change happened in an instant. It wasn’t easy getting up to speed on the MacBook. The delete button drives me crazy. The command button is located in the most inconvenient spot I can imagine. My files are all organized differently now. Outlook was downloading all my email repeatedly and I had to get tech support to get a duplicate deletion program. I needed a new way to access my accountant’s server so I could use my QuickBooks program. I had to call HP support to get my printer working wirelessly. I blew out two adaptors trying to connect the Mac to an external monitor. And there’s more. This is why I did not want to switch to a Mac. But get this: The computer doesn’t use battery power while it’s asleep. It wakes up immediately. I can leave my house carrying my laptop and no power cord and trust that the battery will last. The programs work and don’t slow down on me ever. And iCal integrates with Google Calendar without a 3rd party program! Most of the issues I faced were ramping up issues and are all resolved. And I get all the good stuff. I’m starting to be a proud Mac user. My question out of all of this is, “Why the heck did I wait so long?” You can ask any of my close friends and relatives and they will attest to the fact that I was spending hours upon hours with Dell tech support for years. I have never been happy with a Dell computer! And yet, I resisted change. Pure and simple. I kept choosing to upgrade to a “better” Dell, hoping it would solve my problems. It never did. People do this. Look at how many people stay in relationships that require hours of conversation to try to make them work. Look at how many of these people move in together, or get married, thinking that the “upgrade” will help. Or they have children in order to fix their relationship. Now that’s an upgrade! We so often avoid the risk of starting over with someone else because it would require an unknown amount of work â€" even if we have a strong inkling that ultimately the benefits would justify the investment. We resist change even if all our friends are telling us to “switch to Apple.” Many of us stay in jobs that are not a good fit. Even if we’re miserable, at least we’re dealing with a known quantity. I myself kept working for 10 years as a lawyer, because it was safe and provided a living wage, even though there was no amount of adjusting and mind talk that could make me enjoy that job. I even accepted a promotion (my “upgrade”) before reaching my breaking point and starting something new. The February issue of LeaderMag featured an article by Bruce Hodes, Five Ogres and an Angel, about the resistance to change in organizations. I love this quote which he shares: “Change is hard because people overestimate the value of what they have and underestimate the value of what they may gain by giving that up.” James Belasco and Ralph Stayer, Flight of the Buffalo (1994). Hodes asserts that two of the main elements blocking change are “comfort” and “drift.” Comfort is something we’re all familiar with. We humans like things to stay the same. We get attached to our routines like a warm blanket, even if they aren’t serving us. And drift, the pull of the current always in the same direction (toward the status quo), affects us whether in our homes or workplaces. Hodes’ advice: “Trust your intuitionâ€"be convinced that even in the face of resistance this is the way forward.” The payoff according to Hodes is Performance Improvement. I certainly got that with my MacBook Pro. My question to you is: Where in your life are you resisting change, falling victim to comfort and drift, when you really know it’s time to make a move? Where is there room for performance improvement in your life? Maybe it’s time to stop “upgrading” what you already have and to start something new.

Organizational Culture and Sick Leave - 1536 Words

Organisational Culture and Sick Leave 1 Introduction Sick leave is a significant policy for both employees and employers in modern businesses. This policy can be problematic for Australian business, as employees that aren’t sick are taking leave. These illegitimate claims are causing them to lose millions of dollars. In the case study â€Å"sick leave costing employers† it is exploring the use of this leave in organisations by employees, when not sick. Since this is affecting Australian Businesses, to prevent further loss, it is necessary to explore what is causing these claims, which is crucial to understanding how to limit its impact upon organisations. 2 Explanation For Australian Businesses a key aspect of the work place is the organisational culture, as this principle has significant influence upon the workplace. Organisational culture is â€Å"†¦manifested in the typical characteristics of the organization, in other words, organizational culture should be regarded as the right way in which things are done or problems should be understood in the organization† (Sun, 2009). In relation to the sick leave case, organisational culture has great relevance and this is the problem that has been identified and will be investigated through this report. The concept of organisational culture will be explored through three areas of influence, which have been identified as being impacted by organisational culture. The two that have been chosen are, job satisfaction and jobShow MoreRelatedNon Monetary Compensation System For University X1479 Words   |  6 Pagessimplifying the complexity of retirement systems for Millennials which often results in them not choosing a retirement plan until well into their career which has a negative effect on their retirement contribution. †¢ Annual and Sick leave: Each employee shall earn 4 hours of sick leave per two weeks pay period. Each employee shall earn 4 hour of vacation per pay period for the first three years of service, increasing to 6 hours per pay period after three years of service, followed by a final increase toRead MoreOrganizational Leadership as Correlate of Absenteeism at Work Station1724 Words   |  7 PagesORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP AS CORRELATE OF ABSENTEEISM AT WORK STATION INTRODUCTION All organizations, be it business, educational or government are social systems. These are run by people, Example: Industrial organization, is a combination of men, money, machinery, material and management. The functioning of an organization depends upon how people work or behave in the organization. The scientific management came into existence to focus on behavioural aspects of management. Failure of scientificRead More Workplace Observation Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesIn the workplace there are many different aspects of the organization. Some of the aspects or culture of an organization are organizational diversity, dress and language, how communication flows, and organizational policies. Below I will discuss several aspects of the company I work for and define what the different cultures are. How Communication Flows As we know today there are many ways how to communicate. There is email, verbal, Internet, intranet, etc? However, there is only two waysRead MoreEssay on Changing Work Patterns1336 Words   |  6 PagesChanges in the demographic characteristics and lifestyles of the workforce are occurring at a time when businesses are also in a state of flux. Global competitive pressures and the push toward greater productivity have resulted in a number of organizational changes that increase the appeal of alternative work arrangements. The â€Å"lean and mean† organization resulting from downsizing has given way to emerging management concepts such as employee empowerment and self-managed work teams. These characteristicsRead MoreOrganisational Culture1310 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Is Organizational Culture? Organizational  culture refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that show employees what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.[1] These values have a strong influence on employee behavior as well as organizational performance. In fact, the term organizational culture was made popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman’s best-selling book In Search of Excellence made the argument that company success could be attributed to an organizationalRead MoreQuestions On Organizational Communication Concepts Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment is â€Å"The Terminal.† 2 Three Organizational Communication Concepts: Organizational Cultural Elements: According to Keyton (n.d.), organizational culture is defined as â€Å"the set of artifacts, values and assumptions that emerges from the interactions of organizational members† (p. 550). Some examples of artifacts and values include, norms, customs, how members should behave, and assumptions are revealed when talking about your work experiences. The culture of an organization can be simply whatRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Ford Motor Company1657 Words   |  7 Pagesof compensation and benefits plans Ford Motor Company offered to its employees. The study found out that the company offers compensation and benefits plans such as base pay, variable pay, insurance (health, risk, and life), holiday pay, maternity leave, vacation, and pension. This study also determined the advantages and disadvantages of the above compensation plans and benefits. Key words: Ford Motor Company, compensation and benefits plans, advantages, disadvantages Ford Motor CompanyRead MoreCritically Discuss the Importance of Work-Life Balance in the Effective Management of People at Work in Contemporary Organisations1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"striking  balance  between  work  and non-work  schedules† (Harish, 2013, p. 62), which has a significant impact on an organisations management process in regards to â€Å"the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently† (Balnave, 2012, p. 81). The importance of work life balance in the effective management of people at work will be explored by the impact it has on the four key aspects of effective management; â€Å"planning, organizingRead MoreChange Management744 Words   |  3 PagesCommunication Plan Riordan Manufacturing is a formal power structure that also uses an organizational structure; the president is also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In this company there needs to be improvement to the departments. There is an informal structure for management and data recording, as the employees are the recorders of the data and other information like maintenance issues. An organizational chart will be of much help at Riordan, this will help employees get motivated and helpRead MoreWorkers Unions And Its Impact On Organizational Culture879 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-first century, I believe workers’ unions would actually influence organizational culture by increasing employee pay and creating more job opportunities. They would also help with providing safer working conditions and providing more promotional opportunities as well as make it possible for employees to receive appropriate education to increase productivity. Workers unions could also negatively affect organizat ional culture mostly by influencing employees to take a stand against their employers

Beginning Of The Document Content.. In Previous High School

Beginning of the document content. In previous high school English classes, I followed the same structured outline for every essay I wrote. A three-point thesis and one sentence of support following your evidence were the main ideas taught in the goal for me to pass my AP Language and Literature exams.These timed essays only allowed me to briefly address the argument I presented in the paper, which is no comparison to the level of writing expected of me now. Although the ideas on what I would write about came easy to me, I always struggled with making the ideas flow together in a cohesive way while still advancing my claim. Becoming more fluid in my ideas has not only helped cut time invested in the writing process, it has also lead to a†¦show more content†¦This marks the need for elaborated war stories to end, so veterans are deservingly accepted back into society. This thesis is stronger as it answers the so what question and provides an argument for the rest of my paper. The importance of thesis statements has been shown throughout all of my assignments in 1102. In my revised essay 2 I said: â€Å"The growing social class distinctions seen in Snowpiercer show how today’s problems have escalated resulting in riots and how ignoring key issues, like the growing reliance on technology, can lead to the downfall of the human race†. This thesis is much stronger than many others since the beginning of the semester and shows growth in my writing. It has a much stronger, clearly stated argument and the claim is concise. It also has all four parts a thesis must; claim, focus, subject, and significance. Without these four parts, a thesis is not supportive enough to be the foundation of an essay. ADD EXAMPLE Another aspect of my writing that improved throughout this semester is my growth in writing more effective topic sentences. Topic sentences are crucial in writing an effective and engaging paper. They help to support the thesis and explain what the paragraph will be about while still advancing an argument. Analysis and support for the main idea can beShow MoreRelatedApproaching Instruction With Clear Instructional Goals,1294 Words   |  6 Pagespopularized by Stephen Covey, beginning with the end in mind, not only makes intuitive sense but is well supported by research. In his 35 years of meta-analysis on research in education, Robert Marzano (2003) identifies a guaranteed and viable curriculum as one of 11 factors with a proven track record of increasing student achievement. Marzano (2003) defines a guaranteed and viable curriculum as one in which Clear guidance is given to teachers regarding the content to be addressed in specific coursesRead MoreRunning Head : Dynamic Writing1611 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: DYNAMIC WRITING IN THE CONTENT AREAS 1 Dynamic Writing in the Content Areas Joshua Dresser University of Phoenix Dynamic Writing in the Content Areas This paper will explore dynamic writing in the content area of music through the use of writing-to-learn strategies and fulfill the requirements of the third option of the Dynamic Writing in the Content Areas assignment in RDG543. A brief survey of journaling strategies found online will be reviewed, variousRead MoreInformative Speech : Psychoactive Drugs Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesphrase â€Å"ADHD or just boredom† was included, however, the usage of the word boredom felt rather redundant. An additional revision was the visual aspect of the final brochure. My brochure included three columns that were double sided containing my content and pictorial visuals. Unfortunately, the formatting was off so when fully closed and put together, some of the words overlapped or crossed over into the wrong column. Continuing with the visual revisions, I believed my brochure looked a little tooRead MoreEssay on District Budget Design1631 Words   |  7 Pagesbudget has become increas ingly difficult. As a school board member for the Peoria School district it is important and crucial to effective budget decision making to be educated on the school districts budget design and delegated responsibilities within the system. These decisions need to be made based on the protection of public funds and property. â€Å"The legal responsibility for such protection rests solely with the board of education in each school district† (Brimley, Verstengen, Garfield, 2012,Read MoreMy Writing And Writing Style Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesLike transforming from a caterpillar to a butterfly, my writing style transformed from something mediocre to something quite exceptional. In high school, even when I took advanced placement English and Literature courses, I was never good at writing. My writing would lack structure, reasoning, syntax, and a well-defined thesis statement. My inadequate grades on writing assignments lowered my self-esteem, so I assumed I would never enjoy writing papers because I believed I could never improve. HoweverRead MoreEvaluation Plan For Disease Control And Prevention1436 Words   |  6 Pages Evaluation Plan Name Institution Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Stakeholders 4 Description 5 Logic Model 6 Evaluation Design 7 Gathering Evidence and Justifications 8 Use of Findings 8 References 9 Camhi, S. M., Evans, E. W., Hayman, L. L., Lichtenstein, A. H., Must, A. (2015). Healthy eating index and metabolically healthy obesity in US adolescents and adults.  Preventive medicine,  77, 23-27. 9 CDC. (2013). Community Profile: Nashville/Davidson County, TennesseeRead MoreStudy Of Common Core State Standards1344 Words   |  6 PagesChief State School Officers (CCSSO), the current Common Core State Standards was introduced in Dec. 2008. The standards themselves â€Å"are a clear set of shared goals and expectations for the knowledge and skills students need in English language arts and mathematics at each grade level so they can be prepared to succeed in college, career, and life† (â€Å"Read the Standards†, 2014). Many states saw a need for reform and liked the fact that CCSS focused on a deeper mastery of content rather thanRead MoreThe Referral Process For Special Education Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pageswould set back a student academically. As an educator you have to determine how much of a gap are you going to accept and what target you plan to remediate too. Once a student has fallen behind it is hard to get them back on track with grade level content while simultaneously providing interventions. As a result the education system had to reevaluate their current practice of determining if a child has a specific learning disability. With the reauthorization of IDEA 2004, new requirements allowedRead MoreThe Importance Of The Georgia Standards Of Excellence1015 Words   |  5 Pageseducational system and increasing our ability to compete at a national and international level. The middle school standards are aligned to best prepare students for high school curriculum by providing them with the essential knowledge and skills to succeed at a national and international level. As Georgia was one of the initial states to adopt the Common Core State Standards, The Columbia County School District developed the Columbia County Board of Education 7th Grade Mathematics Curriculum, which isRead MoreOnline Computer Programming : An Integral Part Of Our Society With The Internet1344 Words   |  6 Pagestechnical requirements and prerequisites for taking the course. You can also expect to find courses for individuals at all stages of learning - beginning, intermediate and advanced. There may be links to books or other sites that can provide further information. If you are taking a course with an eye towards certification or a diploma, you should make sure that the school that you are considering is accredited. An online computer programming course can be a great way to enter the field of computer programming

Racial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement - 1550 Words

Growing up in rural Mississippi during a time of racial segregation Anne Moody had experiences that were extremely different then other children at the time. The gender-based and economic hardships she faced were factors that played a role in her experiences as a child. Her childhood experiences shaped her views and actions as she was fighting against the racial inequality in her home state and her views on racism as a whole in America. Her childhood and high school years were a series of events that gave her the basis of her beliefs, growing up on a farm with little money to seeing how her mother’s husband lived and grew up gave her understanding of the segregation between the African American community in itself. Her experiences with different types of employers also gave her extreme insight from the worst types of racism to actually feeling like a member of the family. Anne was very passionate about beliefs and views when it came to the Civil Rights Movement. She dove right into the movement as soon as she got a chance and did everything she could to help. She felt strongly to the cause and believed that what she was doing would make a difference. She took a stand against racial segregation with a series of sit-ins and nonviolent protest. She committed her life to the Civil Rights Movement and standing up for the African American Community. Anne Moody grew up on sharecropper’s plantation in rural Mississippi. She lived with her mother, father, sister and brother. One ofShow MoreRelatedRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement837 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The civil rights movement was based on faith. Many of us who were participants in this movement saw our involvement as an extension of our faith. We saw ourselves doing the work of the Almighty. Segregation and racial discrimination were not in keeping with our faith, so we had to do something.† Although today we may not see it as often, segregation was a very big problem throug hout our country in the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Over time it didn’t get better, it got worse. Around the year ofRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement1407 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States could not understand how it was possible that, even in light of the concessions made during the Civil Rights Movement, members of black communities were listening to funk and embracing their own racial identity rather than considering themselves American. In the eyes of many, the times of racial division had ended with the laws passed during the Civil Rights Movement. From this followed the belief that since everyone was allegedly equal, any effort to differentiate on the basisRead MoreRacial Segregation During The 1960 s Civil Rights Movement Essay2048 Words   |  9 PagesA primary technique used to overcome racial segregation during the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement in the United States was direct action. One of the most influential leaders of th e Civil Rights Movement was Martin Luther King Junior who is known for his use of nonviolent direct action, which often entailed the violation of laws as an act of civil disobedience. On April 16, 1963, King composed his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† where he accepted the consequences for his disobedience against the BirminghamRead More Maya Angelou, Martin Luther King and the civil Rights Movement1353 Words   |  6 Pagesa certain restaurants because of the color of your skin? The civil rights movement was a movement that held massive numbers of nonviolent protest against racial segregation and discrimination in America especially the southern states during the 1950’s and 60’s. The struggle of African Americans to gain equal rights in America during this time was a major problem. The civil rights movement was not only about stopping racial segregation amongst African Americans but also to challenge the terribleRead MoreAnalysis of the Civil Rights Marc h of 1963988 Words   |  4 PagesDocument Analysis, of the Civil Rights March of 1963 Commencing in the late 19th century, state level governments approved segregation acts, identified as the Jim Crow laws, and assigned limitations on voting requirements that caused the African American population economically and diplomatically helpless (Davis, n.d.). The civil rights movement commenced, intensely and assertively, in the early 1940s when the societal composition of black America took an increasingly urban, popular appeal (KorstadRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi and Segregation Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous Anne Moody. Moody grew up in mist of a Civil Rights Movement as a poor African American woman in rural Mississippi. Her story comprises of her trials and tribulations from life in the South during the rise of the Civil Rights movement. Life during this time embraced segregation, which made life for African Americans rough. As an African American woman growing up during the Civil Rights movement, Moody has a unique story on themes like work and racial consciousness present during this time. Moody’sRead MoreThe Background And Background Of Martin Luther King Jr.1123 Words   |  5 PagesKing Jnr was a strong leader and activist in the Civil Rights Movement in America. He was also an American pastor, humanitarian and leader of the African/ American civil rights movement. Martin Luther King led non- violent protests to fight for the rights of all people including African /Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. His dream was that America and the world would become a nonracist society where someone’s race would not impact on their civil rights and way of life. He was one of the great speakersRead MoreThe Civil Disobedience Of African Americans1369 Words   |  6 Pagesobey orders until a revolution appeared. It took a civil war to finally free blacks and to give them the right to be citizens of the country. It was then that the chains of slavery were finally broken, but the chain of discrimination still existed. Under racial segregation, colored people were not a llowed to share public facilities and activities with white people. The Civil Rights Movement was then established with its goal to clear any segregation and discrimination against African Americans. InRead MoreThe War For Equality During The 20th Century1218 Words   |  5 Pageshigh level, racial minorities were ready to fight back. In the first half of the Twentieth century the mistreatment of racial minorities led to a War for Equality; fought on many levels with varying levels of success. The war was fierce and did not end in the first half of the Twentieth Century. Like any war the War for Equality had its’ causes, in this case the war was brought about by the continued mistreatment of racial minorities. This mistreatment came in many forms: segregation, violation ofRead MoreCivil Rights/Secret Life of Bees986 Words   |  4 PagesBridget Baker Mrs. McQuade Period 2 4/10/12 Racial Discrimination and Segregation In 1619 the very first African Americans arrived in America, coming over for the purpose of forced slavery. It’s been nearly four hundred years since then and African Americans are still not treated completely equal. But throughout the years major steps towards equality have been made and as a whole the United States is close to reaching this goal. The first key action taken was abolishing slavery in 1865, but

Risk Management Plan of SFSU Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Risk Management Plan of SFSU. Answer: Introduction Risk administration is a technique to identify the probable opportunity and risk[1]. Thereafter the list is segregated as per the positions obtained during analysis. Subsequently the mitigation or response plan is developed on the basis of positions obtained. The data obtained are required to be dealt with the opportunity and threat and plan in like way with the objective that it doesn't let influence any of the three limitations of the project. Background of case study SFSU (Silicon Forest State University) has numerous data framework related exercises which are being regulated by the OIT (Office of Information Technology) division. The clients at back end of OIT used 'Request Tracker' for passing on and following the ticketing system in light of UNIX, while the clients at front end were using Remedy structure for making and following ticketing system which is being utilized for observing and following the bugs. For any kind of interest to clients of back end, the clients of front end need to physically type the issue to 'Request Tracker'. However, now the workplace changed the product being utilized by the clients of front end to 'Request Tracker' and gave the task to Ron to lead the venture with the help of Harry, however both of them need to report to two different bosses. Risk Management Plan Opportunity and dangers in any assignment are coordinated on the preface of the techniques defined in the risk management. The exercises which link into the masterminding of threat association design are recognized, analyzed and positioned accordingly[2]. The opportunity and dangers can be of many sorts, and fit for affecting cost, plan and quality, particular, really definitive and so forth. An entire reason for the risk design is to set the activity and make ourselves ready for all the perceived dangers especially at a range by saying rank low, medium or 'high'. There are particular sorts of dangers facilitating procedures or steps which should be taken in the wake of situating all the perceived opportunities and threats. There can be many activity intends to moderate the hazard like exchanging it, imparting it to any external party, staying away from it absolutely or tolerating. Risk Identification (27th August 2017) RISK 1. By Pike. There is threat of having cost overrun (30th August 2017) RISK 2. By Ron. There is threat of having communication gap due to same organizational level of myself and Harry (1st September 2017) RISK 3. By Harry. There is threat of having time overrun due to extra time consumed during information gathering stage Risk Analysis RISK No. By Description Probability Impact 1 Pike There is threat of having cost overrun High High 2 Ron There is threat of having communication gap due to same organizational level of myself and Harry Medium High 3 Harry There is threat of having time overrun due to extra time consumed during information gathering stage Medium Medium Risk response plan[3] Risk 1: cash flow need to be monitored closely. There can be other plan of keeping the management reserves if possible. Since the budget allocated for the year is very low. Risk 2: frequent meeting rather than communicating through mails is the only way out so that the team can meet physically and share each others issue openly. Risk 3: time schedule need to be monitored closely to avoid any delay, else the extra time consumed for gathering the information can cause the overall delay of the project and the communication gap can increase. Monitoring and Controlling Risk This stage of risk administration is required for the proper management of the risks throughout the project life cycle[4]. The risks are very dynamic in nature and can change its ranking frequently as or the environmental conditions. So the risk register need to be reviewed in every stages of the project for proper monitoring. Moreover the new risks identification should not be stopped and the identified risks need to be again analyzed as above and ranking and its mitigation and response plan need to be developed. Evaluation / Justification Finally it can be justified that the result obtained by the processes of identification and analysis of the risks, the obtained result are the real cause of tension for Ron. There is always a chance of cost and time overrun because of communication gap. Also the steps need to be continued throughout the project life cycle to identify any more threats[5]. Conclusion So now it can be finished up at long last that the undertaking brought about by OIT should be followed categorically like cost, time and communication and none of the issues can be overlooked. Else there can be cost and time overrun. So it should be Rons responsibility to take care of the constraints and discuss these issues in every meeting to infiltrate the issues to all stakeholders. References Australian Government. (2017) https://www.austrac.gov.au. [Online]. https://www.austrac.gov.au/risk-management-tool-small-medium-sized-businessesInstitute of Risk Management. (2016) About Risk Management. [Online]. https://www.theirm.org/the-risk-profession/risk-management.aspxet al. Wiley. (2017) 11.2 Risk Management Process. [Online]. https://pm4id.org/chapter/11-2-risk-management-process/MyManagementGuide. (2010, May) 2. Risk management plan for a project: Definition, Purpose, Software, Content and Approaches. [Online]. https://www.mymanagementguide.com/guidelines/project-management/risk-management/risk-management-plan-for-a-project-definition-purpose-software-content-and-approaches/Educba. (2016, July) 6 Basic Steps to Develop a Project Risk Management Plan. [Online]. https://www.educba.com/project-risk-management-plan/

Black And Decker Case Study free essay sample

Though Bamp;D leads in the other two segments, it could not capture the tradesmen segment due to the following reasons. Bamp;D was branded more as home tools; it lacked in capitalizing one of the most profitable distribution channels (membership clubs) whereas the same channel proved to be very successful for Makita (85%); the unremarkable grey color did not help Bamp;D; and while Bamp;D was focused in three segments, Makita was focused on only one segment of the market. Therefore, Joseph Galli, Vice president of sales and marketing for Bamp;D, has to decide which one of the three marketing strategies must be implemented to take, the market share in the Professional-Tradesmen segment, away from the current leader Makita. Recommendation: I would recommend Bamp;D to use the strategy of Re-branding i. e; using DeWalt name and the color yellow in order to regain Professional-Tradesmen segment market share. We will write a custom essay sample on Black And Decker Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reasons behind the above recommendation are explained in the following paragraphs Option 1 requires Bamp;D to focus only on the Consumer and Professional-industrial markets while ignoring tradesmen market. Since the tradesmen segment market is growing at a larger rate than the consumer and Industrial segments, alienating that market would give rise to more losses in the future. Dropping the tradesmen segment would also decrease brand awareness for Bamp;D which might increase the sales of competitors as consumers (home tools) may base their purchasing decisions on what the expert uses. Option 2 of sub-branding might theoretically raise its brand image but the potential for sub-branding may be a risky option. This is based on the fact that currently 98% of the tradespeople are aware of the brand and only 44% agree it’s ‘one of the best’. Therefore trades people will not be able to change their attitude towards the sub-brand as they recognize Bamp;D as the creator and this will not increase the market share as expected. The recommended Option 3 of Re-branding the tools with DeWalt and industrial yellow for the Professional-tradesmen segment can cast off the negative branding image from quality products. Bamp;D’s product quality is strongly competitive in the large majority of product categories when compared to the other brands. Since Bamp;D is suffering from Brand name image in this segment it would be wise to re-brand in that segment. The DeWalt received 70% awareness and also 63% agreed that it ‘Is one of the best’ in the research study thereby confirming that it is a suitable replacement name. The industrial yellow color is a bold color representing safety which is not used by any other power tool brands. Hence it would have positive associations. As the DeWalt line’s positive market perception grow, the color will be easier to identify the professional –tradesmen segment line and will be automatically associated with high quality goods. This option could eliminate the following threats. Losing market share is not applicable as it is only 9% and hence does not leave any problem; By isolating the Bamp;D name from tradesmen segment with a new brand name, the risk of damage to other two segments is minimal; and if DeWalt fails, then the retailers and consumers will associate the failure with DeWalt than with Bamp;D. Thus DeWalt should replace the Bamp;D name and change the color to industrial yellow so that the professional tradesmen segment tools can be recognized as brand new.

Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts

Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts True to their name, the Antarctic Icefish lives in the icy cold waters of the Arctic - and has icy-looking blood to match. Their cold habitat has given them some interesting features.   Most animals, like people, have red blood. The red of our blood is caused by hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout our body. Icefishes dont have hemoglobin, thus they have a whitish, nearly transparent blood. Their gills are also white. Despite this lack of hemoglobin, icefish can still get enough oxygen, although scientists arent sure quite how - it could be because they live in already oxygen-rich waters and might be able to absorb oxygen through their skin, or because they have large hearts and plasma which may help transport oxygen more easily. The first icefish was discovered in 1927 by zoologist Ditlef Rustad, who pulled up a strange, pale fish during an expedition to Antarctic waters. The fish he pulled up was eventually named the blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus).   Description There are many species (33, according to WoRMS) of icefish in the Family Channichthyidae. These fish all have heads that look a little like a crocodile - so they are sometimes called crocodile icefishes. They have grayish, black or brown bodies, wide pectoral fins, and two dorsal fins that are supported by long, flexible spines. They can grow to a maximum length of about 30 inches.   Another fairly unique trait for icefish is that they dont have scales. This can aid in their ability to absorb oxygen through the ocean water.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: PerciformesFamily: Channichthyidae Habitat, Distribution, and Feeding Icefish inhabit Antarctic and subantarctic waters in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica and southern South America. Even though they can live in waters that are only 28 degrees, these fish have antifreeze proteins that circulate through their bodies to keep them from freezing.   Icefish dont have swim bladders, so they spend much of their lives on the ocean bottom, although they also have a lighter skeleton than some other fish, which allows them to swim up into the water column at night to capture prey. They may be found in schools. Icefish eat plankton, small fish, and krill.   Conservation and Human Uses The lighter skeleton of icefish has a low mineral density. Humans with a low mineral density in their bone have a condition called osteopenia, which may be a precursor to osteoporosis. Scientists study icefish to learn more about osteoporosis in humans. Icefish blood also provides insights into other conditions, such as anemia, and how bones develop. The ability of icefish to live in freezing water without freezing can also help scientists learn about the formation of ice crystals and storage of frozen foods and even organs used for transplant.   Mackerel icefish are harvested, and the harvest is considered sustainable. A threat to icefish, however, is climate change - warming ocean temperatures could reduce the habitat that is suitable for this extreme cold water fish.

Corporate Governance and Ownership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Corporate Governance and Ownership - Essay Example The analysis of this paper shows that globalization plays an important role in dissolving the existing corporate ownership and strengthening the corporate governance in these three countries. However, this analysis also shows that because of its strong inherence and utility derived from specific features of these three countries, the characteristics of ownership and corporate governance and its effects still remain in these countries. Finally, this paper also touches on the potential of other elements that effect on the corporate governance from different perspectives. II. Introduction Corporate ownership has been one of the biggest concerns of corporate governance for many years. Many previous research argues the prevalence of widely held corporations in the United States in which corporate ownership is dispersed among small shareholders1. Under such structures, the main concern of corporate governance is how to reduce the potential conflict between the interests of managers and sto ck holders, or so-called agency problems.2 However, as we look outside the United States, especially in countries with poor minority shareholder protections, even the largest firms often have controlling shareholders3. In those countries, the central agency problem is how to restrict the expropriation of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders through the improvement of minority protections4. Corporate ownership in Asia is also largely different from the U.S. Asian characteristics, as containing a high concentration of ownership comes from family, state and group ownership and low liquidity of shares5. Claessens investigated the separation of ownership and control in 2980 publicly traded companies in nine East Asian countries6 (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand). This study finds that in all countries, especially in Indonesia, Japan and Singapore, voting rights consequently exceed cash-flow rights through p yramid structures and cross-holding. It also finds that more than two-thirds of firms in these countries are controlled by a single shareholder7. It is not hard to anticipate that under this corporate structure, the conflict of interests between majority and minority shareholders cause adverse effect on the corporate governance. Several studies show that the concentrated ownership causes the low market valuation of firms and expropriation of minority shareholders in Asia8. This expropriation is more detrimental in a country with weaker legal systems9. Although differences between countries are significant, White Paper on Corporate Governance in Asia emphasized that the protection of minority shareholders rights was particularly critical in Asia10. Basically, there are three types of corporate ownership in Asia, which are family, state and group ownership. More than half of Asian corporations are family-owned. Hong Kong, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand show high degrees of f amily ownership. State control is significant in China and Singapore. In Japan and Korea, group companies are characterized by interlocking cross-holdings of equity. These characteristics of corporate structure, however, have gradually changed in the 21st century because of Asian economic growth and capital globalization. Corporate governance in Asia has been subjected to the reformation due to the criticism for its weakness after the Asian financial crisis. It seems that as the Asian market played a

Philosophy, What Represents a Personality Essay

Philosophy, What Represents a Personality - Essay Example Every individual in the society is influenced by a particular behaviour, which is learned by adapting the conditions of external environment, escorted by the unique characteristics combined to form a personality; it depends upon the quality of characteristics to form personality, however it entirely depends upon the way of thinking of an individual as to how he perceives such attributes. Like for example intelligence could be taken in the positive sense as well as in the negative sense. When a person utilizes his "intelligence" capability in the positive manner, his visions are likely to be broader in accepting the different forms of knowledge. Similarly when a person is characterized by certain motivational and positive approach, while utilizing his creative skills, he starts thinking of perceiving knowledge and while thinking in a forward direction he would consciously or unconsciously search for the logic behind that approach. Another example is of a student who has attained a "bad" grade, is scolded by his teacher. If, approached in a positive way, he would work hard to achieve a better grade the next time. In this manner he is ready to accept any advice and considers it useful, and as long he remains positive and work hard, he search for the logic behind that advice given to him by his teacher. The negative attributes are identified by the impedance towards a positive approach or we can say as a lack of "can do" attitude. When the positive qualities of a person are superseded by the negative influence of personality, then the negative attributes cause him harm by blocking the ways of knowledge. In the above example if the student, instead of realizing his mistake and working hard, does not bother about the teacher's comments and continue with a careless attitude that would be considered as a negative element of his personality. Further more, if he were followed by arrogance, then for sure he would go on with his "uncaring" approach, which would ultimately hinder in the way of "acceptance of knowledge", cause him harm and he would be in a loss. Personal Epistemology Epistemology is concerned with the origin, nature, limits and methods of human knowledge. It is obvious that a person who is influenced by positive characteristics searches for knowledge. His mind actually searches logic behind knowledge and justified reasoning behind logic. So we can say it serves as a chain ware comprising of knowledge, logic and reasoning. Reasoning because a sensible positive approached person's mind does not accept things if they are not justified to the extent of satisfying the mind. Here comes the perception, which is built when his mind is satisfied by the justifiable reasoning. Now the question arises, if a positive minded person searches for reasoning to find logic, which later becomes his perception, then what about the justifications of a negative minded person Here come two cases. Either the negative approached person does not seek for logic because his mind does not feel in need of justifications. We can say in this sense he is lack of common sense, hi s mind is devoid of creativity to seek the truth or logic. That implies that such a person is devoid of intelligence required for justifications. Or, in the other case, if he seeks for logic, it would be in his own interest, supporting his views, his decisions and ultimately encourage his own perceptions. So,

Individual Reflective Account Of Leadership Development

Individual Reflective Account Of Leadership Development Title: A personal reflective narrative on how engaging with the leadership literature has affected my own conceptualisations of leadership. Introduction The theories of transformational leadership (Bass, 1985; Bass and Avolio, 1994) and charismatic leadership (Conger and Kanungo, 1987) represent popular approaches to the conceptualisation of leadership and have arguably evolved to be central to the field. However, a number of scholars have raised several issues with these approaches (Pawar, 2003; Yukl, 1999). and it is the intention here to highlight a number of concerns that relate to the challenge of teaching leadership. This addresses an area of neglect in the literature as there has been limited consideration of the teaching of leadership (Doh, 2003). The Meaning of Leadership Researchers interested in leadership have approached the development of an understanding of leadership from a variety of perspectives. Much of the leadership research conducted during the first half of twentieth century was focused on the identification of personal traits (attributes) that characterised those individuals who emerged as leaders. A review of the leadership literature reveals that there are multiple definitions that have been given to the leadership construct. Bass (1990) focuses on the concept of leadership. He suggests that there are several different approaches to the definition. While each of these perspectives and uses of the term is a legitimate use of the construct of leadership, each reflects a different conceptualization than that which traditionally has been employed. Bass points out that definitions can be used to serve a variety of purposes. Bass (1960) noted that the definition used in a particular study of leadership depends on the purposes of the study. Consistent with this, Yukl (1994:5) concluded that leadership research should be designed to provide information relevant to the entire range of definitions, so that over time it will be possible to compare the utility of different conceptualizations and arrive at some consensus on the matter. Bass (1990:19) further notes that researchers have developed definitions to serve the following different purposes: (1) to identify the object to be observed, (2) to identify a form of practice, (3) to satisfy a particular value orientation, (4) to avoid a particular orientation or implication for a practice, and (5) to provide a basis for the development of theory. The definitions indicate a progression of thought, although historically, many trends overlapped. The earlier definitions identified leadership as a focus of group process and movement, personality in action. The next type considered it as the art of inducing compliance. The more recent definitions conceive of leadership in terms of influence relationships, power differentials, persuasion, influence on goal achievement, role differentiation, reinforcement, initiation of structure, and perceived attributions of behaviour that are consistent with what the what the perceivers believe leadership to be. The truth is that leade rship may in fact involve all these things. Rethinking leadership Barker (1997) argues that the ambiguity surrounding what we understand as leadership is central to the struggle of teaching leadership. Rost (1991) indeed notes that the leadership literature although vast, is often contradictory, confusing and lacks cohesion. BrymanHYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb11HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb11s (1996) documentation of four chronological phases of leadership theory, is illustrative of changing conceptions of leadership: Trait theories (concerned with an identification of leaders traits). Behavioural theories (concerned with identification of behavioural styles of leaders). Contingency theories (concerned with a focus on fitting behavioural styles to situational factors). New theories of leadership (concerned with a focus on the articulation of a vision). Arguably, such new theories of leadership have over recent years evolved as central to our understanding of leadership with an emphasis on transformational leadership where a leader stimulates followers to change their motives, beliefs and values and capabilities so that the followers own interests and personal goals become congruent with the organisation (Bass, 1985). An important facet of this leadership is charisma, and indeed Conger and Kanungo (1987) have developed a leadership theory that specifically focuses on this dimension. Conger HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb17et al.HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb17 (2000, p. 748) suggest that charismatic leaders differ from other leaders by their ability to formulate and articulate an inspirational vision and by behaviours that they and their mission are extraordinary. In both models there is a common suggestion of a leader inspiring followers to a shared vision. This conceptualisation has arguably become widely accepted in the literature. However, some have questioned such mainstream thinking and invite a greater openness to the consideration of leadership than is presently found (Alvesson and Sveningsson, 2003). It is suggested here that a notion of a leader inspiring followers to a shared vision represents only one way to think about leadership and may not be of much assistance to those concerned with the teaching of leadership. It is in this respect that I intend to argue that this dominant conceptualisation represents a particular way of thinking about organisations and managerial work (of which leadership is one aspect), namely what may be described as systems-control thinking. Systems-control orthodoxy tends to promote a rather mechanistic view of organisations and managerial work seeing managing as an activity mainly concerned with designing and controlling work organisations as if they were big machine-like systems rationally devised to meet unambiguous organisational goals (Watson, 2005, p. 2). Such thinking derives from modernist and universalistic aspirations to maximise control over human circumstances with the manager being viewed as an expert who controls and motivates subordinates to behave in particular ways consistent with the organisations goals. Indeed, Barker (2001, p. 479) challenges the notion of new leadership theory, arguing that the work of Bass (1985, 1990) for example, clings to the idea that leadership is about leaders supervising subordinates, about subordinates working hard toward institutional objectives as the primary goal for leadership and about the leaders ability to persuade/inspire/motivate subordinates to release their own n eeds to work toward the interests of the leader or the institution that the leader represents. The extent then to which new theories provide an alternative perspective of leadership is thus questionable since along with previous conceptualisations, they continue to be framed by systems-control thinking. It is suggested that an alternative way to think about leadership is to adopt process-relational thinking. To adopt such thinking would be to recognise that: Managers like everyone else in organisational settings, are continually striving to make sense of numerous crosscutting and conflicting goals and purposes. Managers and non-managers alike constantly have to make and remake bargains, exert power, resist power, cope with conflicts of interest and negotiate understandings with others to make sure that the goods are produced or services provided to a level and quality that enables the organisation to remain in existence (Watson, 2005, pp. 2-3). The origins of such thinking may be seen to be associated with a dissatisfaction with mainstream systems-control thinking and in particular, the critique of Silverman (1970) which drew upon ideas from social action theory (Berger and Luckman, 1967), highlighting an understanding of organisations as social constructs produced and reproduced through their members activities and later being built upon to emphasise the notion of negotiated order (Day and Day, 1977). To view the organisation in process-relational terms thus involves a shift from seeing the organisation as a goal pursuing entity as suggested by a systems-control perspective to thinking about the organisation as ongoing patterns of meaning making and activity brought about as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ people in relationships to others and to their cultures (Watson, 2005, p. 6). Viewing the organisation through a process-relational lens thus accepts that only partial managerial control can ever be achieved given the ongoing and emerge nt nature of organisational activity and the centrality of people in relationships to others with their inevitable complexities and differing interests. However, it is important to note that the adoption of a process-relational perspective (or indeed a systems-control one) goes beyond a way of seeing the organising and managing of work, it also represents a way of talking and acting towards organising and managing. Thus a manager who adopts a process-relational framework is more likely to take into account broader and more-subtle aspects of work behaviour. Arguably, the central notion of leaders inspiring followers to a shared vision seen in new leadership theories becomes more problematic when thinking in process-relational terms. It is thus suggested here that thinking about leadership in process-relational terms may be more helpful to management educators as it does greater justice to the complex, messy realities of organisational life and as such provides greater assistance in helping managers to make sense of their management practice, and in particular, the part of their practice that is leadership. Systems-control vs process-relational framing of leadership It is suggested that theories of transformational and charismatic leadership are tied to a systems-control perspective of organisations. Below we raise a number of issues that emerge from the adoption of such a perspective. The issues raised here are by no means exhaustive but rather serve to illustrate some of the difficulties in framing leadership in a systems-control way and in particular ensuing tensions for the teaching of leadership draws on the work of Watson (2005) and summarises the issues discussed below, highlighting the central features of a systems-control leadership perspective contrasted with a process-relational one. We problematise a number of features of systems-control thinking in relation to leadership, namely the assumption of a unitary organisation; the emphasis placed upon the individual leader often portrayed in terms of superhero status and the subsequent neglect of others involved in leadership processes, and relatedly the separation and elevation of leaders hip from other organisational activities. We suggest that adopting a process-relational leadership perspective offers a more grounded and realistic conceptualisation which accepts the plurality of organisational life, focuses on leadership as an emergent process which includes the contributions of others and sees leadership as integral to the organising and managing of work. The unitary and fixed organisation Central to systems-control thinking is a notion of the pursuit of clear organisational goals, designed by the manager or leader who then motivates others to act in ways which will achieve these goals. It is suggested that this is problematic for a number of reasons. Such a way of thinking about leadership is based upon a unitary view of organisations that proposes all organisational members share the goals of the organisation and are thus motivated to act in ways that will ensure the realisation of such goals. Both transformational and charismatic leadership theories can be seen to uphold unitarist assumptions. Central to Basss theory is a notion of subordinates transcending their self interests for the goals of the organisation, with Bass and Avolio (1994, p. 3) for example suggesting that the (transformational) leader creates clearly communicated expectations that followers want to meet, and similarly Conger and Kanungo (1987) hypothesise that charismatic leadership will result in high internal cohesion, low internal conflict, high value congruence and high consensus. It is suggested that such assumptions are problematic since they downplay the multitude of conflicting goals, purposes and beliefs that organisational members hold in reality that seriously questions ideals of consensus and cohesion. Although Bass and Avolio (1994) acknowledge that followers hold a diverse set of views, needs and aspirations, they suggest that through the use of inspirational motivation the leader is able to align diverse followers around a vision. Thus there remains a belief that high consensus can be achieved and thus conflict, negotiation and politics that are inevitable in organisations tend to be marginalised. Notably, Barker (1997) reminds us of BurnsHYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb12HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739 volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb12s (1978) definition of leadership which emphasises leadership as a process which occurs within a context of competition and conflict. Interestingly, Basss theory of transformational leadership has built upon Burnss work and yet downplays this important dimension. It may be argued that assumptions of a unitary organisation may oversimplify the reality that is found in organisations. Similarly, systems-control thinking implies that the goals of the organisation are somehow fixed and once achieved the work of the leader is done. Again, this is seen to oversimplify the case. Conger and Kanungo, 1987, p. 46) exemplify a focus on achievement of fixed goals suggesting that one cannot lead when there is no future goal to pursue. This is seen to ignore the essentially emergent nature of organisational life in that organising and managing is in a constant state of becoming (Watson, 2002). The fluid and dynamic nature of organisations makes it difficult to envisage when there would be no future goal to pursue. Generally, given that models of transformational and charismatic leadership are framed by systems-control thinking means that they may be seen as less helpful in assisting managers to understand leadership as they do not do justice to the complex reality found in organisations. Recent leadership research and findings from our own work further suggest a number of issues with such theories that relate to this tendency to present an oversimplified and sometimes romanticised view of organisational life. The promotion of the superhero Consistent with systems-control thinking, theories of transformational and charismatic leadership present an individualistic conception of leadership, since there is a focus on the leader as a special person. Indeed, there is a focus on a gifted individual seemingly in possession of almost superhuman, magical powers that may be seen to spellbind followers to act in ways desired by the leader. Words such as extraordinary, unconventional and heroic typify a description of leader behaviours. Bass (1985, pp. 47-48) for example, highlights the extraordinariness of the transformational, charismatic leader suggesting that the unusual vision of charismatic leaders that makes it possible for them to see around corners stems from their greater freedom from internal conflict whereas the ordinary manager is a continuing victim of their self doubts and personal traumas. However, it is unclear from the literature what exactly it means to be extraordinary or unconventional and therefore limited hel p is offered to our practical attempts to teach leadership. Moreover, Alimo-Metcalfe HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb1et al.HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb1 (2002) argue that new theories of leadership create dangerous myths because they create a notion of leadership that is inaccessible to most ordinary mortals. Further, the idea that a leader must in some way be gifted shows a regression to notions of leadership as an innate ability and as such suggests little can be done by way of teaching leadership. Indeed, in my own auditing work, I found several managers who perceived leadership as an inspirational gift and therefore attempts to teach leadership were seen as limited: I dont think good leaders are people that you can, I think the term is a good leader is born, you cant turn somebody from being a poor leader into a good leader by putting them on some courses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that sort of inspirational skill is something that that individual has and I dont think you can always train that into somebody (project manager). Whilst the notion of heroic leadership may hold weight for some there is a growing body of evidence that debunks this leadership myth. Numerous studies are now found which may be said to contribute to an emerging anti-heroic leadership perspective which suggests leaders are not larger than life individuals with special powers rather they are far more ordinary and reserved. The work of Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2001) offers a very different conception of transformational leadership to that described earlier. Their work highlights the salience of what the leader does for the individual such as empowering, valuing, supporting and encouraging. This is contrasted with dominant ideas of the leader acting as a role model and inspiring the follower. Indeed, Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe suggest that followership, so central to transformational and charismatic leadership theory is absent in their work. Comments made by managers during my own audit work were consistent with this view with managers talking of supporting and encouraging others rather than inspiring followers: Well those things leadership can be a reassurance, a firm decision, a supportive decision, giving people encouragement, being actually prepared to stick your head above the parapet where other people arent sometimes. Being decisive rather than indecisive. Not always leading from the front but just letting people know that you are supportive of what they are doing that they can rely on you if things go wrong (operations director). Taking away the notion of followership diminishes the importance of the heroic leader since there is a decreased need for an inspirational figure to model the way for followers. Instead Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2001) argue that their work suggests a greater sense of proximity, openness, humility and vulnerability. Collins (2001) provides evidence that suggests that successful organisations do not have leaders who are charismatic, heroic figures but rather individuals who display personal humility and professional will. He found that successful leaders which he terms level five leaders, were shy unpretentious, awkward and modest but at the same time had an enormous amount of ambition not for themselves but the organisation. Similarly, Badaracco (2001) suggests the importance of quiet leadership. This is seen not to inspire or thrill, but to focus on small things, careful moves and measured efforts. He further suggests that quiet leaders have an understanding of the reality of their situations noting the limits of their powers and understanding that they are only one piece on the chessboard. This emerging work would seem to conceptualise leadership in perhaps more realistic ways focusing attention away from ideas of inspirational powers and instead a suggestion of an ordinary person working alon gside others. This is consistent with a process-relational framing of leadership since it is recognised that leaders are like everybody else and do not possess special powers thus moving attention away from ideas of special personality attributes. Thus there is hope for the majority of being able to contribute to leadership and a suggestion that there may be some role for the management teacher. The isolated leader and the neglect of group processes The focus on the heroic leader is problematic since it diverts attention from others involved in the leadership process and thus downplays the relational aspects of leadership. Whilst the contribution of followers is noted, there is a tendency to over emphasise the ability of the individual leader, this is perhaps exemplified when poor performance is automatically blamed on the actions of the leader (Khurana, 2002). Yukl (1999) proposes that instead of focusing on a single person who influences followers, many people can be viewed as contributors to the overall process of leadership in organisations. He suggests that this conception of leadership does not require an individual who is exceptional or who can perform all of the essential leadership functions, only a set of people who collectively perform them. Research undertaken by Heifetz and Laurie (2001) supports the notion of a more collaborative conception of leadership. They suggest that the leader is not somebody who has all the solutions at their disposal; rather they are somebody who asks questions. They suggest that one can lead with no more than a question in hand. Research carried out with directors of public health in the UK supports the notion of focusing on others in the leadership process (McAreavey HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb28et al.HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb28, 2001). The directors of public health interviewed in McAreavey HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb28et al.HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb28HYPERLINK http://0-www.emeraldinsight.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/journals.htm?issn=0143-7739volume=27issue=2articleid=1545747show=html#idb28s (2001) study suggested that effective leadership placed an emphasis on working with others a nd not guiding others. These shifts in focus are consistent with work by Barker (1997) and Rost (1991) who suggested that we should be focusing on group processes and think of collaborators and not followers and thus is in accordance with Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfes rejection of followership. Yukl (1999) has criticised transformational and charismatic leadership theories for a neglect of group processes and thus salient aspects of leadership are overlooked such as networking, building support for ideas and negotiation. Such arguments echo Hosking (1988) who proposed that it would be more helpful to focus on leadership as a process rather than leaders as persons which is clearly to frame leadership in process-relational terms. It is suggested here that viewing leadership as a collaborative process of interaction provides for a more grounded notion of leadership and thus potentially provides more helpful suggestions for teaching leadership. For example, a focus on helping leaders in their attempts to negotiate seems more achievable than helping leaders to inspire others. The separation of leadership and management Inherent to theories of transformational and charismatic leadership is a notion that leadership is a specialised and separate activity undertaken by heroic, isolated figures described above. This division of leadership is typical of orthodox management thinking which separates issues of managerial work tending to view these as identifiable and distinct (Watson, 2002). As Schruijer and Vansina (2002) argue such splitting obscures the complexity of life. Further, there is a tendency not only to see leadership as separate from management but also superior. In Basss theory for example, management is associated with transactional leadership which is seen to be a useful but inferior leadership approach, which is relatively simple and straightforward to achieve. Bass (1985, p. 26) argues that to be transactional is the easy way out; to be transformational is the more difficult path to pursue. Such a separation is upheld by numerous scholars such as Zaleznik (1992) who suggests that managers are concerned with humdrum activities and maintaining order whereas leaders are concerned with novel and exciting activities and stimulate change. Mangham and Pye (1991, p. 13) have criticised this separation arguing that: It results in nothing more than a vague feeling that managing is something rather mundane, looking after the nuts and bolts of the enterprise and leading is something special and precious undertaken by the really important people in the enterprise. They argue that leading is not a specialised and separate activity, but simply an aspect albeit a highly salient aspect, of managing. Others have similarly suggested that leadership and management may be more usefully seen as related roles rather than as separate activities undertaken by separate people (Nadler and Tushman, 1990; Yukl, 1999).

Soike Heels :: essays research papers

Spike Heels   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play spike heels was written by Theresa Rebeck and directed by Deborah Mello. I viewed the play spike heels at the Miami Dade Community College Kendall campus auditorium. The play consisted of four characters; there were two males Andrew and Edward and two females Lydia and Georgie. The role of Andrew was performed by Arnaldo Carmouze and the role of Edward was played by Sheaun Mckinney. The part of Georgie was beautifully played by Natalie Morales and Lydia witch was performed by Karina Hernandez. This play took place in a Boston apartment during present time. The play opened up in a much undefined manner doing a poor job in explaining the characters that were being spoken about. For instance when the play began the characters of Lydia and Andrew were being spoken about but the audience had no idea who they were, even though the character of Lydia was a bit better explained than Andrew they still left some gaps. Another issue that was exaggerated in an un rea listic way were the curse words, I can understand that the character Georgie was supposed to be bad mouthed but not even the worst mouthed person wouldn’t have repeated the â€Å"F† word so many times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My favorite character in the play was Georgie witch was performed by Natalie Morales. This was my favorite because she performed her part more on point than any of the other characters while having the most lines. Another reason why she was my favorite of the characters in the play is because she played the role of Georgie with the most credibility. For example she was the street girl from Brooklyn, New York and she played her part like if she was an actual Brooklyn girl it looked like she wasn’t even acting the other characters didn’t look as natural as she did. The effortless credibility was not the only advantage that she had over the other characters; her body language was also something that it looked like she put most of her effort into but made it looked as if she was natural.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plot of the play was very well performed in the way that they got the point across quite well. There was only one factor that disturbed me about the plot of the play witch was that some issues were extended and made the play longer. This story was seen in my eyes as a story about a Brooklyn girl that grew up her entire life using defense mechanisms such as alcohol and sex to compensate for her bad childhood and for her unsuccessful employment life.

Integrated Marketing Communication

During the last decade of the twentieth century, the concept of integrated marketing communications (IMC) received considerable attention from practitioners and academics alike, and that interest has continued into the new millennium (e. g. , Bearden and Madden 1996; Cornelissen and Lock 2000; Duncan, Schultz, and Patti 2005; Garretson and Burton 2005; Nowak and Phelps 1994; Schultz and Kitchen 2000a; Schumann, Artis, and Rivera 2001). As the marketplace has become more fragmented over the years, organizations have embraced IMC as a means to effectively and efficiently target and attract the splintering mass market through the transmission of a unified message across all â€Å"contact points† between organizations and their consumers. Whether the contact point is product packaging, a Web advertisement, or any other â€Å"information bearing experience that a consumer or prospect has with a brand† (Schultz, Tannenbaum, and Lauterborn 1993, p. 1), the goal is to present a message to an audience that is consistent (Duncan 1993) and/or to generate valuable customer information (Roznowski, Reece, and Daugherty 2002; Yarborough 1996). In short, utilization and coordination of various promotion and communication tools is necessary to assure optimal market coverage (Stewart 1996) and to develop a strong marketing program (Nowak and Phelps 1994). Despite its potential contributions, debate still exists regarding the significance of IMC as a practice (e. g. , Cook 2004; Cornelissen and Lock 2000; Gould 2001). Questions pertaining to the prevalence of IMC in the marketplace (Roznowski, Reece, and Daugherty 2002) and regarding its differential applicability across product type (e. g. , Nowak, Cameron, and Delorme 1996) remain. This study was designed to help answer these questions. In recent years, the concept of IMC has made its way into the mainstream of the marketing literature (Duncan and Caywood 1996; Nowak and Phelps 1994; Schultz 2003; Schultz and Kitchen 1997, 2000b; Zahay et al. 2004). This has occurred despite the fact that, in reality, there is no universally agreed upon definition of IMC (e. g. , Cornelissen and Lock 2000; Kliatchko 2005; Schultz and Kitchen 1997; Stewart 1996) and IMC appears to be an evolving concept (Duncan, Schultz, and Patti 2005). While a â€Å"working definition of integrated marketing communication is hard to come by† (Schultz, Tannenbaum, and Lauterborn 1993, p. xv), one simple characterization of the phenomenon poses IMC as the coordination of communication tools for a brand (Krugman et al. 1994). Central to the concept of IMC is the notion that effective communication is accomplished by blending various communication forms–for example, advertising, publicity, sales promotion, and so forth–into a single, seamless entity (Nowak, Cameron, and Delorme 1996). Furthermore, when it is well devised, IMC can generate information that can be used to identify and target different types of consumers with customized communication (Schultz 1997) and, ultimately, help to build a strong relationship with them (Duncan 2002). In a sense, then, IMC involves a process that is circular in nature–a sort of two-way communication between organizations and consumers that gathers and stores responses to communication and uses that information to effectively target consumers in future efforts (Roznowski, Reece, and Daugherty 2002; Schultz, Tannenbaum, and Lauterborn 1993). A review of the phenomenon in practice performed by Nowak and Phelps (1994) uncovered three broad manifestations of integrated marketing communication: IMC as â€Å"integrated communication,† IMC as â€Å"‘one voice' communication,† and IMC as a â€Å"coordinated marketing-communication campaign. † While the distinction among the three manifestations is sometimes hazy, each one poses a slightly different approach that organizations may take to create messages that are uniform in tone and look (Duncan 1993). The â€Å"integrated communications† approach involves promoting brand image and direct audience behavior simultaneously by coupling devices such as brand advertising and public relations communications with consumer sales promotions and direct response tools within an organization's marketing-communication materials, particularly advertisements (Peltier, Mueller, and Rosen 1992). For instance, an ad that contains a direct-response tool (e. g. , a coupon), a public relations appeal (e. g. , support of an esteemed social cause), and brand advertising (e. g. depiction and description of the offering) would reflect the integrated communication form of IMC. A key outcome of this approach is the acquisition of consumer information that is captured when consumers respond to direct-response tools, sales promotions, and the like (Nowak and Phelps 1994). The â€Å"one voice† approach reflects a firm's focus on a single positioning strategy that emphasizes unity among brand/ image advertising, direct-response advertising, public relations, and consumer sales promotions at the outset of a promotional campaign (Reilly 1991; Snyder 1991). In this approach, the position, message, or theme is what ultimately guides an organization's IMC decisions, which ostensibly could be rendered independently by the firm's advertising, public relations, and sales promotion agencies (Nowak and Phelps 1994). The third approach, â€Å"coordinated marketing-communication campaigns,† stresses the need to integrate the activities of different marketing-communication disciplines (e. g. , sales promotions, advertising, and public relations) in order to reach multiple audiences with a synergistic effort (Rapp and Collins 1990; Schultz, Tannenbaum, and Lauterborn 1993). The â€Å"coordinated marketing communication† approach differs from the â€Å"one voice† manifestation of IMC in that it does not simply focus on a single brand position; rather, multiple positions are the norm (Nowak and Phelps 1994), with a goal of targeting multiple audiences (Rapp and Collins 1990). A further comparison of the three forms of integrated marketing communication reveals that the â€Å"coordinated marketing-communication campaign† and â€Å"one voice† approaches to IMC involve an organization's communication activity at a broad level of application, whereas the â€Å"integrated communications† manifestation encompasses a more microlevel application. More precisely, the first two manifestations involve integration across communication campaigns, whereas the latter one entails integration within particular communication devices, such as advertisements. For example, early indications following Super Bowl XL suggested that the ads broadcast during the event were successful not only in terms of their brand advertising, but also in terms of direct response, as evidenced by the increased traffic to the advertisers' Web sites (Horovitz 2006). Of the three forms of IMC, it is the integrated communications† approach that appears to be the one most often utilized in practice (Phelps, Plumley, and Johnson 1994) and the one that is the focus of this study. One broad goal of our research is to discern how the â€Å"integrated communications† form of IMC is manifested in practice. Integrated Marketing Communication Research While the phenomenon of integrated marketing communications has received widespread attention over the past 15 years, there have been very few empirical investigations of its incidence and application. The scant research findings that are available suggest that IMC is perceived to be valuable by practitioners (Duncan and Everett 1993; Roznowski, Reece, and Daugherty 2002) and that its utilization seems to be increasing. For example, one early study found that approximately two-thirds of consumer product companies employed IMC in some manner (Caywood, Schultz, and Wang 1991), while a later investigation reported that 75% of the organizations surveyed had adopted IMC in one way or another (Phelps, Plumley, and Johnson 1994). A more recent investigation revealed that 95 % of Fortune 500 executives responding to an inquiry indicated that their company used IMC to some degree and that nearly the same percentage was at least somewhat satisfied with its results (Roznowski, Reece, and Daugherty 2002). It bears noting that most of these findings are based on respondents' perceptions and may not reflect IMC as actually practiced. In general, most of the examination of IMC has focused on its perceived value and beliefs regarding its potential among packaged or durable-goods marketers. By comparison, there is little documentation of the actual existence or prevalence of IMC in these or other market contexts (Nowak, Cameron, and Delorme 1996). The scant published research on the actual practice of integrated marketing communication suggests that organizations involved in green marketing have been slow to adopt IMC principles in their advertising (Carlson et al. 1996). Meanwhile, retail and consumer service organizations appear to use media and message delivery elements associated with integrated approaches, yet lack strong coordination among these IMC components (Nowak, Cameron, and Delorme 1996). In a further examination of IMC across different business firms (i. e. , business-to-business, retailing, services, and consumer product), it was discovered that coordination among IMC components does indeed exist, yet the selection of specific marketing communication activities differs significantly among the business types (McArthur and Griffin 1997). Given the contradictory results and scarce empirical research, there appears to be a need for further examination of IMC and marketers' activities to plan and execute its implementation (Duncan and Everett 1993; Roznowski, Reece, and Daugherty 2002). Integrated Marketing Communication and Product Type Based on the research results discussed above, IMC appears to be a practice that is used across business contexts, but in different ways (e. g. , McArthur and Griffin 1997; Nowak, Cameron, and Delorme 1996). McArthur and Griffin observe, â€Å"different product-market situations demand different communication tools and techniques† (1997, p. 5). Hence, it is not surprising that a study of media usage within IMC programs revealed differential emphasis on some media when comparing services and retailing firms (Nowak, Cameron, and Delorme 1996) or comparing across services, retailing, business-to-business, and consumer product organizations (McArthur and Griffin 1997). There is even some indication that consumer product firms lag behind others in terms of the degree of attention they accord to IMC (McArthur and Griffin 1997). In addition, and as suggested by Duncan (2005), IMC may be particularly relevant within the services sector. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that the nature of the product that an organization offers may affect the emphasis it places on IMC and its utilization of different communication materials. Further supporting the notion that the nature of the promoted product may be related to the adoption of IMC is a body of literature that indicates that the advertising of services differs substantively from the advertising of physical goods in several ways (e. g. , George and Berry 1981; Grove, Pickett, and Laband 1995; Legg and Baker 1987; Mittal 1999; Shostack 1977; Stafford and Day 1995). For example, since services are essentially performances (Gronroos 1990; Grove and Fisk 1983) and not things that can be displayed (e. g. , insurance, health care, an airline flight), it is difficult for organizations to communicate about them and for customers to grasp what it is they are likely to receive (Lovelock and Wirtz 2004; Shostack 1977; Zeithaml 1981). Many years ago, in her seminal paper establishing the nature of service products, Shostack (1977) stressed that marketers must strive to â€Å"integrate† evidence of service offerings to compensate for their innate intangibility. She argued that such an effort should involve controlling a broad range of potential clues to foster a concrete, â€Å"total impression† of the service. Essentially, that effort entails coordinating various communicative devices associated with a service and its delivery, including the content of service advertising. George and Berry (1981) similarly argue for the importance of presenting a uniform message as one of the six guidelines for advertising a service. From their viewpoint, â€Å"advertising continuity,† that is, continually using distinctive symbols, formats, and/or themes can reinforce a service's image and differentiate it from the competition. Ostensibly, the creation of a consistent and uniform perception of the service product might also be accomplished as one outcome of effective integrated marketing communications. Yet in a comprehensive overview of the services advertising literature several years ago, Tripp (1997) identified IMC as one of several phenomena related to service advertising's message structure and execution that needed further study. A recent examination of advertisements across various categories of services found a high incidence of IMC portrayed within the ads (i. e. , over 60% of the ads reflected IMC), yet argued that there was room for improvement in terms of the degree of integration that was present (Grove, Carlson, and Dorsch 2002). However, a comparison of advertisements for goods versus services with respect to incidence and character of IMC has yet to be performed, despite the potential applicability of IMC in the area of services promotion (Duncan 2005).

Anti-Smoking Campaign - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 835 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Smoking Essay Did you like this example? The image above is an older woman with a hole in her throat caused by smoking .The caption is Terrie saying â€Å"I Never Thought Smoking Would Do This.† The CDC (Centers For Disease Control and Prevention) released this advertisement to persuade people to quit smoking . Smoking is known to cause an array of diseases. Cigarettes cost a lot of money and does not contribute positively to the smokers health. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anti-Smoking Campaign" essay for you Create order The issue is that there are more and more people engaging in this lifestyle. The CDC created this advertisement to raise awareness of one of the brutal effects of smoking.Last but not least, this advertisement is helping smokers and non- smokers reflect on the consequences of smoking. Smoking cigarettes can cause many diseases. Lung cancer is the most common disease associated with smoking. Lung Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs. This is also the number one deadly result of smoking.According to the CDC, â€Å"People who smoke cigarettes are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer or die from lung cancer than people who do not smoke.† The woman in the picture may not have lung cancer but she has another illness that has changed her appearance and lifestyle dramatically.One can detect regret in Terrie’s quote. She says â€Å"I did not know smoking could do this†. This quote implies that if she knew the true effects of smoking then she would have taken a different route in life. This advertisement is brutally honest, it helps the reader reflect and ponder on whether or not they want to live miserably like Terrie.Another disease associated with smoking cigarettes, is peripheral artery disease, this is a condition in which blood vessels reduce the amount of blood flow in the limbs.â€Å"Any amount of smoking, even occasionally, damages the heart and blood vessels. Secondhand smoke also can hurt the heart and blood vessels, greatly increasing the risk of heart attack and death in adults (Azura).†The substances that are in cigarettes have negative effects on blood cells and their function. The cost of buying cigarettes not only affect ones pockets but also their lifestyle. It cost a person 7.00 dollars or more to buy a pack of cigarettes , concurrently the cigarette manufacturing companies only spend cents to make the product.At today’s prices, if you smoke one pack of cigarettes each day for ten years, you’ll spend almost $99,000 – easily enough to buy a new car (or two) or put a deposit on a house ( Cancer Council Victoria).† When buying cigarettes or before considering buying , smokers should think of better ways to use that money. Smoking can drastically change ones lifestyle, like Terrie in the advertisements. In the image, the older woman was diagnosed with throat cancer , this disease also affects her appearance .The hole in her throat is also use do grab the attention of viewers to either avoid smoking or quit smoking. â€Å"Many of the more than 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke also damage collagen and elastin, which are fibers that give your skin its strength and elasticity (MFMER).† this begins to make your skin looks as if you are older than your age with saggy and unhealthy skin, this can also to lead to skin cancer. The CDC encourages people to quit because the effects of smoking can lead to more than one health problems. Many people think smoking relaxes the mind and relieves stress ,the truth is smoking cigarettes could cause a mental condition which could cause people with anxiety worse. When a person smokes nicotine it reaches the brain and releases chemicals that makes a person crave the desire to smoke more and more. This could even control the activity of the brain and cause a emotion of anger and depression, Little do people know these feelings could lead up to more critical disorder such as bipolar disorders , which could lead you to be hospitalized. If a person was to view this advertisement they would think twice about smoking, they would even try to get help to quit their smoking addiction before it becomes worse, or even lead them to have the hole in there throat which has a negative effect on your appearance. This image has a positive affect and makes people motivated to not wanting to smoke or quit smoking. In conclusion, this advertisement from the CDC is meant to discourage smoking. The image highlights one of the many effects of smoking. It changes a persons appearance, causes disease, premature aging , and costs the buyer lots of money. There is an increase the amount of individuals that smoke today so organizations like the CDC feel it is their duty to warn the public about the detrimental effects of smoking. Works Cited https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm https://www.azuravascularcare.com/infopad/link-between-smoking-and-pad/ https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/smoking-the-financial-cost https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/expert-answers/smoking/faq-20058153 https://www.mittalclinic.com/stop-active-and-passive-smoking-it-makes-life-miserable/b26